Gregorian reform and the investiture dispute
About this date: 1075 is a representative marker, not the start or end of the entire reform movement.
Papal reformers seek to address simony, clerical discipline, and lay control of episcopal appointments. Conflict with rulers over investiture reshapes Western church and state relations.
Perspective note
Western church history, shown as context rather than doctrinal assent.
People
- Gregory VII
- Henry IV